Question

What, to the American slave, is your Fourth of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrants, brass-fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery.

—Frederick Douglass

The first sentence is an example of

Answer 1

A rhetorical question. (More specifically, it also begins a hypophora — the speaker asks a question and immediately answers it.)