Question

Identify the characteristics of southern European and northern European universities.
southern European:
northern European:

1. four groups headed by deans
2. guilds of teachers
3. teacher salaries paid by students
4. self-governance
5. teachers hired by students

Answer 1

Southern European (student-controlled, e.g. Bologna): 3, 5
- 3. teacher salaries paid by students
- 5. teachers hired by students

Northern European (master/ faculty-controlled, e.g. Paris/Oxford): 1, 2, 4
- 1. four groups (faculties) headed by deans
- 2. guilds (corporations) of teachers
- 4. self-governance (by the masters/faculty)

(Note: both models had a degree of institutional autonomy, but in the southern model autonomy was exercised by student corporations while in the northern model it was exercised by the masters/faculties.)