Question

What types of sensors does the observatory use to monitor these volcanic hazards? Mark all of the correct answers.




gas emissions at volcanoes


multi-gas spectrometers


ground temperature


seismometers


GPS receivers
Active volcanoes are volcanoes that are capable of producing several hazards. Check all that apply.


floods


Volcanic earthquakes


toxic gas emmisions


hot springs

Answer 1

First set (sensors used): All of them.
- Gas emissions at volcanoes — monitored (e.g., SO2, CO2 flux measurements)
- Multi-gas spectrometers — yes
- Ground temperature — yes (thermal sensors/cameras)
- Seismometers — yes
- GPS receivers — yes (measure ground deformation)

Second set (hazards active volcanoes can produce): All of them.
- Floods — yes (e.g., lahars, meltwater floods, jökulhlaups)
- Volcanic earthquakes — yes
- Toxic gas emissions — yes (e.g., SO2, CO2, H2S)
- Hot springs — yes (thermal springs form around active volcanic systems and can be hazardous)