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define frequency amplitude and wavelength in physics
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- Frequency (f): the number of complete oscillations or cycles a wave makes per second. Unit: hertz (Hz) = s⁻¹. Related quantities: period T = 1/f (time for one cycle), angular frequency ω = 2πf.
- Amplitude (A): the maximum displacement of the oscillating quantity from its equilibrium (rest) position. Units depend on the wave type (metres for a vibrating string, volts per metre for an electromagnetic field). For many waves, intensity or energy carried ∝ A².
- Wavelength (λ): the spatial distance between two consecutive points in the same phase of the wave (e.g., crest to crest or trough to trough). Unit: metre (m). For a wave traveling at speed v, v = f · λ.
Examples: for sound, frequency sets pitch, amplitude sets loudness; for light, frequency/wavelength determine color, amplitude affects brightness.
- Amplitude (A): the maximum displacement of the oscillating quantity from its equilibrium (rest) position. Units depend on the wave type (metres for a vibrating string, volts per metre for an electromagnetic field). For many waves, intensity or energy carried ∝ A².
- Wavelength (λ): the spatial distance between two consecutive points in the same phase of the wave (e.g., crest to crest or trough to trough). Unit: metre (m). For a wave traveling at speed v, v = f · λ.
Examples: for sound, frequency sets pitch, amplitude sets loudness; for light, frequency/wavelength determine color, amplitude affects brightness.
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