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1 A holiday breakfast, a brunch, or a birthday may all be occasions for consuming a stack of pancakes topped with fruit and slathered with jam, honey, or maple syrup. Wherever or whenever they eat them, many people think of pancakes as a special treat. Let's take a look at the interest in pancakes over time and in various places.
Early Pancakes
2 In the United States today, pancakes are usually hot, flat cakes made with eggs, milk, and flour and fried in butter. People have been eating versions of this basic recipe for a long, long time. The first recipe in English for pancakes appears in a cookbook dated 1439, but, more than one thousand years earlier, the ancient Romans ate a form of pancake not too different from the pancakes we eat today. Pancakes also appear, and may date very far back, in the cuisines of many cultures including the Chinese. The pancakes we eat today, however, probably first arose in medieval Europe.
3 In medieval Europe, pancakes were traditionally eaten on Shrove Tuesday. The Tuesday before a particular Christian season begins, Shrove Tuesday was considered a day to feast on favorite foods. A tradition rose up of making and eating pancakes on this day because it was a way of using un butter eggs and milk (or the remaining fats in the house) before theLenten season of fasting began.
4 Pancake races arose in England as part of Shrove Tuesday traditions. In these contests, which have been taking place since at least 1445 and continue in some British towns to this day, people run down the street while tossing pancakes. Contestants, wearing their cooking aprons, race 415 yards with their frying pans in hand; over the course of that distance, they must flip the pancake inside (and catch it!) at least three times.
A Food with Many Names
5 Throughout American history, pancakes have had many names. Native Americans who made pan breads and cornmeal cakes over a fire had a variety of names in many languages for their creations. Early settlers sometimes called their cornmeal pancakes "Indian cakes" because they resembled the pancakes of the local Native Americans. By the eighteenth century, some pancakes were called "buckwheat cakes." Around the same time, some American pioneers called pancakes "hoecakes" because they cooked them on the flat blade of a hoe. Other names included "johnnycakes," a corruption of the term "journey cakes": these were pancakes made to go. Finally, pancakes were often called "flapjacks" and "griddlecakes," terms still in use today.6 Americans aren't the only people who love pancakes. Other peoples have a mutual enjoyment of them as well, and pancakes of many varieties are found all around the world. Perhaps the most well-known foreign variation is the thin French pancake known as the crepe. Crepes are often wrapped around some savory or sweet filling, which may vary from cheese and mushrooms to strawberry jam or chocolate. A hearty opposite of the delicate crepe, the potato pancake is a favorite in many cultures. The Irish make a potato pancake called a boxty; Jewish people prepare a potato pancake known as a latke. Polish people also make a potato pancake mixed with other ingredients, which they call the ratzelach.
7 Other cultures love pancakes, too. Indonesians eat a sweet pancake called dadar gutung. This pancake is filled with fresh coconut cooked with sugar and flavored with cinnamon, lemon, and salt. In China, the bao bing, a thin pancake made from flour and water, accompanies dishes such as Peking duck. The Russians love their blini, which are made with generous amounts of butter.
8 With all the delightful sugary ingredients that are available, some argue that pancakes are not healthy. However, just a few simple substitutions can make them good for you. Whole wheat flour or oats can replace the white flour. Greek yogurt can be used instead of milk. Grease the pan with oliveoil rather than butter.
9 No matter how you make your pancakes, know that with every bite, you honor a little piece of culinary history. Here's to the humble pancake! Drag to the boxes two sentences that tell how French and Indonesian pancakes are similar. Drag one sentence to each box.
Two Ways French and Indonesian Pancakes Are Similar
Both are thin.
Both can be sweet.
Both are hearty.
Both contain coconut.
Both have a filling inside.
Both include mushrooms.
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Both can be sweet.
Both have a filling inside.
Both have a filling inside.
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