Question

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Question 6
Explain how a mutation in DNA can affect an organism’s traits.
Include how DNA, mRNA, amino acids, and proteins are connected, and describe an example such as sickle cell anemia or camouflage.
give me a very simple answer

Answer 1

A mutation is a change in the DNA code. DNA is copied into mRNA, which is read to put amino acids in the right order to make a protein. If a mutation changes the DNA, the mRNA can change, which can change one or more amino acids and so change the protein’s shape or function. If the protein’s job is important for a trait (like blood cell shape or skin color), that trait can change.

Example (sickle cell): one DNA letter change makes one different amino acid in hemoglobin protein. The altered hemoglobin makes red blood cells sickle-shaped, which affects how they carry oxygen and causes health problems. Some mutations do nothing (silent) and some can be helpful or harmful.