Question

Match the term to the correct definition:(5 points)
Put responses in the correct response input area to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input area and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
Chromosome
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Gene
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Phenotype
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Genotype
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Mutation
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Question 2
What do alleles represent?(1 point)
Responses

Different proteins
Different proteins

Different forms of a gene
Different forms of a gene

Different chromosomes
Different chromosomes

Different mutations
Different mutations
Question 3
Which statement BEST describes a dominant allele?(1 point)
Responses

It only shows its trait if two copies are present
It only shows its trait if two copies are present

It always produces a harmful mutation
It always produces a harmful mutation

It determines the trait whenever it is present
It determines the trait whenever it is present

It never affects the phenotype
It never affects the phenotype
Question 4
Mutations can change the amino acid sequence of a protein(1 point)
Responses

True
True

False
False
Question 5
Environmental factors like water, light, and nutrients can affect plant growth(1 point)
Responses

True
True

False
False
Question 6
Explain how a mutation in DNA can affect an organism’s traits.
Include how DNA, mRNA, amino acids, and proteins are connected, and describe an example such as sickle cell anemia or camouflage.

​​​​(4 points)
0 / 10000 Word Limit
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Answer 1

Chromosome — a long, organized structure of DNA (with proteins) that carries many genes

Gene — a specific segment of DNA that contains the code to make a particular protein or trait

Phenotype — the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism (the expressed traits)

Genotype — the genetic makeup (the specific alleles) of an organism for a trait

Mutation — a change in the DNA sequence

Question 2
Different forms of a gene

Question 3
It determines the trait whenever it is present

Question 4
True

Question 5
True

Question 6
DNA contains the nucleotide sequence that codes for proteins. During transcription a gene’s DNA sequence is copied into mRNA, which is read in codons (three-nucleotide units). Each codon specifies an amino acid; during translation the ribosome links those amino acids into a protein. A mutation (a change in the DNA sequence) can change the mRNA codons and therefore change one or more amino acids in the protein. That altered amino acid sequence can change the protein’s shape or function and thus change an organism’s trait.

Example: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single base substitution in the beta-globin gene (GAG → GTG). This changes the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine in hemoglobin. The altered hemoglobin molecules stick together under low oxygen, distorting red blood cells into a sickle shape, causing anemia and other symptoms (and conferring some malaria resistance). Mutations can also be neutral, harmful, or occasionally beneficial depending on how they affect the protein.