Asked by Makayla

Under the Peace of Westphalia, which countries received authorization to exist as independent, Protestant nations? (select all that apply)

Bohemia
Spain
France
Switzerland
Palatinate
England
Holland

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Correct answers: Switzerland and Holland.

Brief explanation: The Peace of Westphalia (1648) formally recognized the independence of the Swiss Confederacy and the Dutch Republic (the United Provinces). It also confirmed the legal status of Protestant confessions (including Calvinism) within the Holy Roman Empire and restored some territories (e.g., the Palatinate's ruler was restored), but it did not make Bohemia, Spain, France, or England into independent Protestant states.