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Mitosis vs. Meiosis Assessment Questions
1. Which process results in two identical daughter cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
2. Which process includes crossing over?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
3. How many divisions occur in meiosis?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
4. Which process is used for growth and repair?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
5. Which process produces gametes?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
6. How many daughter cells result from mitosis?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
7. How many daughter cells result from meiosis?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
8. Which process increases genetic variation?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
9. During which process do homologous chromosomes pair up?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
10. Which process includes metaphase?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
11. Which process reduces chromosome number by half?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
12. Which process maintains chromosome number?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
13. Which process occurs in somatic cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
14. Which process occurs in sex organs?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
15. Which process has phases named PMAT?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
16. In which process do sister chromatids separate?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
17. Which process includes tetrads?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
18. Which process uses spindle fibers?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
19. In which process does independent assortment occur?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
20. Which process results in genetically identical cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
21. Which process creates haploid cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
22. Which process involves DNA replication once but divides twice?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
23. Which process creates diploid cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
24. Which process includes prophase I?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
25. Which process is essential for sexual reproduction?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
26. Which process can occur throughout an organism’s life?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
27. Which process includes anaphase II?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
28. In which process do chromosomes line up single file?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
29. Which process produces genetically different cells?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
30. Which process does NOT involve crossing over?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Both D. Neither
Reading Passage: Haploid and Diploid Cells
All living things have cells, and inside those cells are structures called chromosomes.
Chromosomes carry your DNA, which is the set of instructions that tells your body how to
grow, look, and function. A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes. Most of the cells in
your body, like skin, muscle, and blood cells, are diploid. A haploid cell has only one set of
chromosomes. Haploid cells are used in sexual reproduction, such as sperm and egg cells.
During fertilization, the haploid sperm and haploid egg join together to form a diploid cell,
restoring the normal chromosome number. If gametes were not haploid, the chromosome
number would double each generation, causing major problems. Diploid cells also help
organisms grow, repair injuries, and replace old cells.
Open-Ended Questions
1. Explain in your own words how haploid cells and diploid cells are different. Why
does this difference matter in living organisms?
2. Describe what happens during fertilization and explain why haploid cells are
needed for this process to work correctly.
3. Why would it be a problem if gametes contained two sets of chromosomes instead
of one? Use information from the passage to support your answer.
4. How do diploid cells help your body grow and repair itself? Give an example of a
situation where diploid cell division is important.
5. Based on what you read, explain why keeping the correct chromosome number in
each generation is important for the survival of a species
All Answers 1
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Answer key — Mitosis vs Meiosis (questions 1–30)
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. A
27. B
28. A
29. B
30. A
Short clarifications (for a few potentially confusing items)
- Q10: Both mitosis and meiosis include metaphase (meiosis has metaphase I and metaphase II).
- Q15: PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) names apply to mitosis and to each division of meiosis.
- Q16: Sister chromatids separate in mitosis and in meiosis II (homologs separate in meiosis I).
- Q28: Chromosomes line up single file in mitosis (and also in meiosis II); in meiosis I they line up as homologous pairs (double file).
Reading passage — Open-ended sample answers
1. Explain in your own words how haploid cells and diploid cells are different. Why does this difference matter in living organisms?
- Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets (2n). This difference matters because haploid gametes allow two parents’ genetic material to combine without doubling the species’ chromosome number; diploid cells provide the full set of genes needed for normal growth, development, and body function.
2. Describe what happens during fertilization and explain why haploid cells are needed for this process to work correctly.
- During fertilization a haploid sperm and a haploid egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Haploid gametes are needed so that when they join the resulting cell has the correct diploid chromosome number; if gametes were diploid, chromosome number would double each generation.
3. Why would it be a problem if gametes contained two sets of chromosomes instead of one? Use information from the passage to support your answer.
- If gametes had two sets of chromosomes, every fertilization would double the chromosome number of the offspring. Over generations this would lead to an unmanageable increase in chromosome number, disrupting gene balance and causing major problems for development and survival, as the passage explains.
4. How do diploid cells help your body grow and repair itself? Give an example of a situation where diploid cell division is important.
- Diploid cells divide by mitosis to make identical diploid daughter cells, which replace damaged or worn-out cells and allow tissues to grow. For example, when you cut your skin, diploid skin cells near the wound divide to make new cells that close and heal the cut.
5. Based on what you read, explain why keeping the correct chromosome number in each generation is important for the survival of a species.
- Keeping the correct chromosome number preserves proper gene dosage and the balance of genetic information required for normal development and function. If chromosome numbers changed unpredictably each generation, offspring could be nonviable or have serious defects, reducing the species’ chances of survival and reproduction.
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. A
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. B
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. A
27. B
28. A
29. B
30. A
Short clarifications (for a few potentially confusing items)
- Q10: Both mitosis and meiosis include metaphase (meiosis has metaphase I and metaphase II).
- Q15: PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) names apply to mitosis and to each division of meiosis.
- Q16: Sister chromatids separate in mitosis and in meiosis II (homologs separate in meiosis I).
- Q28: Chromosomes line up single file in mitosis (and also in meiosis II); in meiosis I they line up as homologous pairs (double file).
Reading passage — Open-ended sample answers
1. Explain in your own words how haploid cells and diploid cells are different. Why does this difference matter in living organisms?
- Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets (2n). This difference matters because haploid gametes allow two parents’ genetic material to combine without doubling the species’ chromosome number; diploid cells provide the full set of genes needed for normal growth, development, and body function.
2. Describe what happens during fertilization and explain why haploid cells are needed for this process to work correctly.
- During fertilization a haploid sperm and a haploid egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Haploid gametes are needed so that when they join the resulting cell has the correct diploid chromosome number; if gametes were diploid, chromosome number would double each generation.
3. Why would it be a problem if gametes contained two sets of chromosomes instead of one? Use information from the passage to support your answer.
- If gametes had two sets of chromosomes, every fertilization would double the chromosome number of the offspring. Over generations this would lead to an unmanageable increase in chromosome number, disrupting gene balance and causing major problems for development and survival, as the passage explains.
4. How do diploid cells help your body grow and repair itself? Give an example of a situation where diploid cell division is important.
- Diploid cells divide by mitosis to make identical diploid daughter cells, which replace damaged or worn-out cells and allow tissues to grow. For example, when you cut your skin, diploid skin cells near the wound divide to make new cells that close and heal the cut.
5. Based on what you read, explain why keeping the correct chromosome number in each generation is important for the survival of a species.
- Keeping the correct chromosome number preserves proper gene dosage and the balance of genetic information required for normal development and function. If chromosome numbers changed unpredictably each generation, offspring could be nonviable or have serious defects, reducing the species’ chances of survival and reproduction.
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