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are structures that allow for one-way blood flow through the heart.

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Valves (heart valves) — structures that ensure one-way blood flow through the heart.

The four main heart valves:
- Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid (right AV) and mitral/bicuspid (left AV)
- Semilunar valves: pulmonary (between right ventricle and pulmonary artery) and aortic (between left ventricle and aorta)

AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae and papillary muscles to prevent backflow during ventricular contraction.