Question

How do the authors use word choice and structure to support and develop the central ideas in the two passages?

Both authors use a problem–solution structure to create tension.
Both authors use repetition to emphasize the central idea.
Woolf uses a cause–effect structure, while Ibsen uses conflict through dialogue.
Woolf uses words with negative connotations, while Ibsen uses words that are mostly positive.

Answer 1

The best choice is the third: "Woolf uses a cause–effect structure, while Ibsen uses conflict through dialogue."

Why:
- Woolf’s passage follows a reasoning pattern: she links observations to conclusions with causal phrasing (because, therefore, thus), extended sentences, and descriptive diction that traces how one idea produces another. That cause–effect ordering develops her central idea by showing the logical progression of thought and the consequences she wants the reader to accept.
- Ibsen’s passage is driven by dramatic exchange: short, clipped lines, interruptions, imperatives and confrontational diction create interpersonal conflict. The dialogue structure stages opposing viewpoints and emotional pressure, making the central idea emerge through character clash rather than analytic exposition.

The other choices are weaker: the pieces are not primarily problem–solution structures; repetition may appear but is not the main shared device; and the claim that Woolf’s words are negative while Ibsen’s are mostly positive is inaccurate.