Question

Which fallacies appear in this passage? Select three options.

An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
A false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment.
An ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence.
A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.
A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

Answer 1

1, 2, and 4.

- (1) appeals to guilt/emotion to sway Congress — appeal to emotion.
- (2) presents legislation as the only option — false dilemma.
- (4) claims everyone wants to help endangered species to pressure agreement — bandwagon.

(3) is more a personal criticism of behavior than a fallacious attack on argument, and (5) mislabels “will save us all” (an overstatement) as a false dilemma.