Question

rving, a cat, has a favorite toy that is made up of a squeaky ball at the end of a string. The toy makes up a closed system. Irving’s owner dangles the toy so that the ball swings down and then swings back up again.

Ignoring any friction, how are kinetic and potential energy related to each other as the ball swings back and forth?

As the ball moves upward, both kinetic and potential energy decrease.
As the ball moves downward, both kinetic and potential energy increase.
As the ball moves upward, kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.
As the ball moves downward, kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.

Answer 1

Correct answer: "As the ball moves upward, kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases."

Explanation: with no friction total mechanical energy is conserved, so as the ball rises it loses kinetic energy and gains gravitational potential energy (and vice versa as it falls). At the lowest point KE is maximum and PE minimum; at the turning points KE is zero and PE maximum.