Question

Which is the most efficient way to avoid DNA mutations from UV radiation?
Avoid getting X-rays at the doctor’s office.
Avoid protective shields during X-rays.
Avoid UV radiation by wearing sunscreen.
Avoid UV radiation by using a tanning bed.

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
ribose + phosphate group + uracil

Which organisms are prokaryotes?
archaea
fungi
protists
plants

During transcription, what happens to the RNA polymerase if a repressor protein attaches to the operator?
It begins transcription.
It begins translation.
It cannot attach to enzyme 1.
It cannot attach to the promoter.

Cranberries and grapes may have therapeutic value. A cranberry company obtained the patent for a process to extract the oil from cranberry seeds. According to the patent, this oil can be used to treat breast cancer or to reduce its incidence. The oil can be used in drinks and foods. A grape juice company claims to have evidence that certain grapes have health benefits ranging from improving cardiovascular health to improving cognitive brain function in the elderly. These claims will be tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the companies are allowed to market their products for “treating” ailments or “improving” health. Until then, the companies can describe that their products “help to maintain” or “support” health. Until studies support their claims, the companies cannot ascribe direct health benefits to their products.
Why would the FDA perform tests when a cranberry company and a grape company have already conducted research on the same products?
The FDA is the only organization that can test if health actually improves.
Tests that are performed by any company which benefits financially are considered unreliable.
The FDA tests give reliability to the results of improved health obtained by each company.
Tests performed by the FDA follow established scientific methods, but those performed by companies do not.

Answer 1

1) Avoid UV radiation by wearing sunscreen.
2) deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine.
3) Archaea.
4) It cannot attach to the promoter.
5) The FDA tests give reliability to the results of improved health obtained by each company (independent verification reduces bias and confirms claims).