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In a parliamentary system of representative democracy, the prime minister

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In a parliamentary system of representative democracy, the prime minister is the head of government: the leader of the executive branch who is normally a member of the legislature, chosen as the leader of the party or coalition that commands a parliamentary majority, and formally appointed by the head of state.

Key points:
- Selection: usually the leader of the largest party or coalition in parliament; formal appointment is made by the (often ceremonial) head of state.
- Role and powers: chairs the cabinet, selects and dismisses ministers, sets government policy and the legislative agenda, represents the government domestically and internationally.
- Accountability: must maintain the confidence of the legislature (subject to question periods, committees and votes). Loss of parliamentary confidence typically forces resignation or an election.
- Relationship to head of state: the head of state (monarch or president) is frequently a ceremonial figure; executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet.
- Party and coalition dynamics: much of a PM’s power depends on party discipline and coalition agreements; coalition PMs often compromise to keep partners.
- Removal and term: no fixed term separate from parliament — tenure continues while the PM retains parliamentary support; can be removed by a vote of no confidence or internal party change.
- Distinguishing feature vs presidential systems: executive power flows from and depends on the legislature rather than from a separately elected president.

Examples: United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, India.