Question

Which factors of Earth’s position would contribute to long-term climate change?

its elliptical orbit and the tilt on its axis
its distance from other planets and the tilt on its axis
the tilt on its axis and its distance from the moon
its distance from the moon and its elliptical orbit

Answer 1

its elliptical orbit and the tilt on its axis

Reason: Long-term climate changes are strongly influenced by Milankovitch cycles — changes in Earth's orbital eccentricity (how elliptical the orbit is), axial tilt (obliquity), and precession. Eccentricity alters how much solar energy Earth receives over a year, and tilt changes the severity of seasons; their combined variations drive glacial–interglacial cycles over tens to hundreds of thousands of years. The distances to other planets or the Moon have negligible direct effect on long-term climate.