Asked by binky

What made Standard Oil a horizontal integration monopoly?
It owned ninety percent of US oil refineries.
It controlled all aspects of oil production.
It operated all across the United States.
It formed a trust.

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
It owned ninety percent of US oil refineries.

Explanation: Horizontal integration means consolidation of firms at the same stage of production (buying out competitors in refining). Standard Oil achieved this by controlling about 90% of U.S. refineries. Controlling all aspects would be vertical integration; forming a trust was its organizational form but not the defining feature of horizontal integration.