Question

Thermal energy is the __________ energy of particles in a substance.
When two objects touch, heat will flow until they reach the same __________.
This state is called __________________ equilibrium.
5. Temperature Changes
If two objects have the same mass but different temperatures:
• Heat flows from the __________ temperature object to the __________ temperature object.
• The final temperature will be __________ the starting temperatures.
Example:
Object A: 60°C
Object B: 20°C
Final temperature (about): __________ °C
6. Particles of the Atom
Atoms are made of three main subatomic particles:
• __________ – positive charge
• __________ – no charge
• __________ – negative charge
Which two particles have nearly the same mass?
____________________________________________
7. Chemical Equations
A chemical equation shows how substances change during a reaction.
Example:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
• Substances BEFORE the arrow are called __________________.
• Substances AFTER the arrow are called __________________.
The arrow means: "_____________________________"
8. Real-World Connection
Explain how heat is transferred when cooking food on a stove.
____________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
When two objects touch, heat will flow until they reach the same temperature.
This state is called thermal equilibrium.

5. Temperature Changes
If two objects have the same mass but different temperatures:
• Heat flows from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object.
• The final temperature will be between the starting temperatures.
Example:
Object A: 60°C
Object B: 20°C
Final temperature (about): 40°C

6. Particles of the Atom
Atoms are made of three main subatomic particles:
• Proton – positive charge
• Neutron – no charge
• Electron – negative charge
Which two particles have nearly the same mass?
Protons and neutrons

7. Chemical Equations
• Substances BEFORE the arrow are called reactants.
• Substances AFTER the arrow are called products.
The arrow means: "react to form" (or "produce"/"yield").

8. Real-World Connection
When cooking on a stove, heat is transferred from the burner to the pan mainly by conduction (and some radiation). The pan spreads heat through its metal by conduction, then transfers heat to the food by conduction where the food contacts the pan. In liquids and gases in the pan, convection currents move heat around, helping cook the food evenly.