Asked by Makayla
What development threatened papal authority?
The rise of nation states.
The formation of universities.
The state of the church following Pope Innocent III’s papacy.
The exploration of the Americas.
The invention of a printing press with movable type.
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The rise of nation states.
As kings centralized power and claimed sovereignty within their territories, they sought control over churches, clergy appointments, taxes, and law—undermining the pope’s claim to universal authority (examples: Philip IV vs. Boniface VIII, later Henry VIII’s break with Rome, Gallicanism/Concordat of Bologna).
As kings centralized power and claimed sovereignty within their territories, they sought control over churches, clergy appointments, taxes, and law—undermining the pope’s claim to universal authority (examples: Philip IV vs. Boniface VIII, later Henry VIII’s break with Rome, Gallicanism/Concordat of Bologna).
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