Question

Mines—or “torpedoes,” as they were then known—were largely a Confederate weapon. Originally developed by General Gabriel J. Rains, these antipersonnel explosives were typically iron containers rigged with gunpowder, a fuse and a brass detonation cap. Rains first used the subterranean booby traps in 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign, and later buried thousands more around Richmond and in various parts of the Deep South. In fact, some of these still-active landmines were only recovered in Alabama as recently as the 1960s.

While they proved an intimidating method of psychological warfare, landmines were often viewed as an unethical form of combat. Union General George B. McClellan denounced them as “barbarous,” and Confederate General James Longstreet briefly banned their use. Perhaps their most vociferous critic was Union General William T. Sherman, who lost several troops to underground landmines during his famous March to the Sea. Decrying the use of mines as “not warfare, but murder,” Sherman reportedly forced his Confederate prisoners to march at the head of his column so that they might trigger any hidden “land torpedoes.”
short summarized

Answer 1

Confederates, led by Gen. Gabriel J. Rains, began using buried “torpedoes” (iron containers of gunpowder with fuses and caps) in 1862, planting thousands around Richmond and the Deep South—some still found as late as the 1960s. Though effective and terrifying, mines were widely condemned as unethical—Union leaders like McClellan and Sherman (who reportedly made Confederate prisoners walk ahead to trigger them) called them “barbarous” or “not warfare, but murder.”