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Which process causes Earth’s surface to warm?

the conduction of heat by air above Earth's surface
the radiation of the Sun’s electromagnetic waves
the convection of warm air from the atmosphere
the reflection of electromagnetic waves off bodies of water

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
The radiation of the Sun’s electromagnetic waves.

Sunlight (shortwave electromagnetic radiation) reaches and is absorbed by Earth's surface, converting to heat and raising surface temperature. Conduction by air is weak, convection moves heat around after warming, and reflection reduces warming.