Question

Define the following terms, using information provided in the video above.GenotypePhenotypeHomozygousHeterozygousDominantRecessive

Answer 1

- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism — the specific alleles it carries for a given gene or set of genes (e.g., AA, Aa, or aa).
- Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical traits of an organism (e.g., eye color, height), produced by the genotype together with environmental influences.
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles at a gene locus (both dominant, e.g., AA, or both recessive, e.g., aa).
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles at a gene locus (e.g., Aa).
- Dominant: An allele that determines the phenotype when present in just one copy (written with a capital letter, e.g., A); its effect masks that of a recessive allele in a heterozygote.
- Recessive: An allele whose trait is expressed only when two copies are present (homozygous recessive, e.g., aa); it is masked by a dominant allele in a heterozygote.

Example: If Y = yellow pea color (dominant) and y = green (recessive), YY and Yy plants are yellow (phenotype) while yy plants are green.