Question

Which is an example of science playing a role in developing technology?
the use of an electric spark to produce amino acids from gases that are present in Earth’s early atmosphere
the discovery that Penicillium mold produces a substance that prevents bacterial growth
the improvement in lens-grinding technology, which led to the discovery of cells in cork
the discovery that microwaves can pop corn, which led to the creation of microwave ovens

Answer 1

The discovery that Penicillium mold produces a substance that prevents bacterial growth.

Reason: that scientific discovery (Fleming finding penicillin) directly led to the development of antibiotics — a technology/medical treatment.
(1 and 3 are mostly science or technology leading to science, and 4 is an observation that led to an appliance but the penicillin example is the clearest science → technology case.)