Asked by dontillia
1) Which of the following describes why a patient may require a compounded topical dosage form?
They require a different strength from a commercially available topical medication
They require a less expensive version of a commercially available topical medication
They require a topical medication without a prescription from their physician
They require a topical medication that will decrease their medication adherence
2) Which of the following is an advantage of transdermal medications?
They are easy for patients to apply
They undergo first-pass metabolism
There are numerous drugs that can be formulated as transdermal medications
They are not associated with any local side effects
3) Which of the following best describes how a topical medication may benefit a patient?
It is useful for drugs with poor lipid solubility
It can minimize the risk of rash and irritation compared to oral medications
It is useful for its localized effects
It is useful for drugs with high molecular weights
4) Which of the following makes an active pharmaceutical ingredient suitable for transdermal formulation?
High physiochemical attraction to the formulation vehicle
Low concentration of drug in the formulation
Molecular weight of 300
A high degree of irritation
5) Which of the following describes grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder while wet?
Pulverization by intervention
Trituration
Geometric dilution
Levigation
6) A compounding pharmacist wants to select a nonocclusive and nongreasy ointment base. Which of the following is the best selection?
Petrolatum
White ointment
Anhydrous lanolin
PEG ointment
7) Which of the following is a tip for preparing ointments?
Always use a rubber or plastic spatula
Use heat to soften ointments and make packaging easier
Avoid mineral oil with drugs that build up electrostatic forces
The first step in preparing an ointment is always adding the levigating agent
8) Which of the following is true regarding creams?
They are thick, stiff ointments that do not melt at body temperature
They contain 50% solid materials
They are opaque soft solids or thick liquids used externally
They should have high levels of clarity and sparkle
9) Which of the following is true regarding the preparation of gels?
The active drug must always be added before the gel is formed
Premixing gelling agents with other powders can assist the dispersion process
pH is not a major consideration regarding the viscosity of carbomer gels
Natural gums need to hydrate for 1 hour to ensure homogeneity
10) True or False: A compounder may leave air bubbles in a carbomer gel preparation before adding a neutralizing agent.
True
False
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All Answers 1
Answered by
GPT-5 mini
AI
1) They require a different strength from a commercially available topical medication.
- Compounded topicals are commonly made to provide strengths or dosage forms not commercially available (requires a prescriber’s order).
2) They are easy for patients to apply.
- Transdermals provide convenient, noninvasive dosing (they actually avoid first-pass metabolism and are limited to certain drugs, and can cause local effects).
3) It is useful for its localized effects.
- Topical therapy is primarily used to produce local effects with limited systemic exposure.
4) Molecular weight of 300.
- Low molecular weight (typically <500 Da, often around 300 or less) favors transdermal permeation.
5) Levigation.
- Levigation is grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder while wet with a levigating agent.
6) PEG ointment.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointments are nonocclusive and nongreasy compared with petrolatum-based bases.
7) Use heat to soften ointments and make packaging easier.
- Moderate heat is often used to soften/melt bases for easier incorporation and packaging (while taking care with heat-sensitive drugs).
8) They are opaque soft solids or thick liquids used externally.
- Creams are semisolid emulsions (opaque soft solids or thick liquids) intended for external use.
9) Premixing gelling agents with other powders can assist the dispersion process.
- Premixing helps prevent clumping and aids uniform dispersion before hydration and swelling.
10) False.
- You should avoid trapping air bubbles before neutralizing a carbomer; neutralization increases viscosity and will trap bubbles, so remove bubbles first.
- Compounded topicals are commonly made to provide strengths or dosage forms not commercially available (requires a prescriber’s order).
2) They are easy for patients to apply.
- Transdermals provide convenient, noninvasive dosing (they actually avoid first-pass metabolism and are limited to certain drugs, and can cause local effects).
3) It is useful for its localized effects.
- Topical therapy is primarily used to produce local effects with limited systemic exposure.
4) Molecular weight of 300.
- Low molecular weight (typically <500 Da, often around 300 or less) favors transdermal permeation.
5) Levigation.
- Levigation is grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder while wet with a levigating agent.
6) PEG ointment.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointments are nonocclusive and nongreasy compared with petrolatum-based bases.
7) Use heat to soften ointments and make packaging easier.
- Moderate heat is often used to soften/melt bases for easier incorporation and packaging (while taking care with heat-sensitive drugs).
8) They are opaque soft solids or thick liquids used externally.
- Creams are semisolid emulsions (opaque soft solids or thick liquids) intended for external use.
9) Premixing gelling agents with other powders can assist the dispersion process.
- Premixing helps prevent clumping and aids uniform dispersion before hydration and swelling.
10) False.
- You should avoid trapping air bubbles before neutralizing a carbomer; neutralization increases viscosity and will trap bubbles, so remove bubbles first.
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