Question

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF F1 AND F2 GENERATIONS
ID Number Name Sex Generation Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 Gene 4 Gene 5 Gene 6 Gene 7
SF03-07 Yin F F1 191/203 215/233 334/366 218/250 277/309 150/162 178/196
SF03-06 Yang F F1 177/199 227/229 334/338 214/218 269/285 150/162 168/182
SF06-10 Ping F F1 199/227 213/237 362/362 246/246 285/293 150/150 158/160
SF97-02 Pong F F1 189/197 227/227 334/350 218/234 297/313 150/162 194/196
SF06-11 Jaws M F1 197/223 201/233 350/366 234/250 277/281 150/150 182/202
SF12-12 Quinn F F2 197/197 227/227 334/334 218/218 313/313 162/162 196/196
SF13-109 Grace F F2 199/199 227/227 334/334 218/218 269/269 150/150 182/182
SF13-243 Ariel F F2 189/189 227/227 350/350 234/234 313/313 150/150 194/194
Making Sense of the Data
Working with your group, closely observe and analyze the data to draw conclusions
about the new shark pups’ parentage. For each F2 offspring in the table above,
determine the following:
ƒ Who is the mother?
ƒ Is Jaws the father?
Record your answers in the table on the next page and provide evidence from the data
to support your answers.
Hint: For Quinn, Grace, and Ariel, look at F1 individuals and find the mother first.
Then determine whether Jaws contributed any alleles to the offspring.
BIO_U4_SR.indd 26 15/04/20 7:24 PM
Unit 4: Genetics
Student Resource
© 2021 College Board
27 Pre-AP Biology
Lesson 4.6: Analyzing Shark Reproduction Strategies
HANDOUT
4.6.A
PARENTAGE INVESTIGATION RESULTS
F2
Individual
Mother Evidence from Data Is Jaws the
Father?
(Yes or No)
Evidence from Data
Quinn
Grace
Ariel
1. Based on the data, for which F2 offspring was Jaws the father?
2. Write two questions that came up in your group discussion regarding these
shark data

Answer 1

PARENTAGE RESULTS (answers + evidence)

Quinn (SF12-12)
- Mother: Pong (SF97-02)
- Evidence: Quinn is 197/197 (G1), 227/227 (G2), 334/334 (G3), 218/218 (G4), 313/313 (G5), 162/162 (G6), 196/196 (G7). Pong’s genotypes are 189/197 (G1), 227/227 (G2), 334/350 (G3), 218/234 (G4), 297/313 (G5), 150/162 (G6), 194/196 (G7) — Pong carries each allele found in Quinn at every locus, so Pong can be the mother.
- Is Jaws the father? No.
- Evidence against Jaws: Jaws is 201/233 at G2 (does not have 227), so he cannot provide the 227 allele required for Quinn’s 227/227 genotype.

Grace (SF13-109)
- Mother: Yang (SF03-06)
- Evidence: Grace is 199/199 (G1), 227/227 (G2), 334/334 (G3), 218/218 (G4), 269/269 (G5), 150/150 (G6), 182/182 (G7). Yang’s genotypes are 177/199, 227/229, 334/338, 214/218, 269/285, 150/162, 168/182 — Yang carries every allele found in Grace, so Yang can be the mother.
- Is Jaws the father? No.
- Evidence against Jaws: Jaws is 197/223 at G1 (does not have 199), so he cannot be the father of Grace.

Ariel (SF13-243)
- Mother: Pong (SF97-02)
- Evidence: Ariel is 189/189 (G1), 227/227 (G2), 350/350 (G3), 234/234 (G4), 313/313 (G5), 150/150 (G6), 194/194 (G7). Pong’s genotypes include 189 (G1), 227 (G2), 350 (G3), 234 (G4), 313 (G5), 150 (G6), 194 (G7), so Pong carries each allele found in Ariel.
- Is Jaws the father? No.
- Evidence against Jaws: Jaws is 197/223 at G1 (does not have 189), so he cannot be Ariel’s father.

Summary answers to questions
1. For which F2 offspring was Jaws the father? None of them.
2. Two sample questions that might have come up in your group discussion
- Could any of these pups have been sired by males not sampled here (unsampled males), and how would that affect parentage conclusions?
- Could mutation, genotyping error, or sperm storage in the female explain any unexpected genotype patterns or make assignments ambiguous?