Question

A sample of gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. Identify which of the following statements are true. Check all that apply.

If the container is heated, the gas particles will lose kinetic energy and temperature will increase.

If the container is cooled, the gas particles will lose kinetic energy and temperature will decrease.

If the gas particles move more quickly, they will collide more frequently with the walls of the container and pressure will increase.

If the gas particles move more quickly, they will lose energy more rapidly and collide with the walls of the container less often, and pressure will decrease.

If the gas particles move more quickly, they will collide with the walls of the container more often and with more force, and pressure will increase.

Answer 1

True: statements 2, 3, and 5.

Brief reasons:
- Statement 2 is correct: cooling removes energy so the average kinetic energy of the gas particles decreases, and temperature (which measures average translational kinetic energy) decreases.
- Statement 3 is correct: if particles move faster they strike the walls more often; increased collision rate tends to raise the pressure (at fixed volume and particle number).
- Statement 5 is correct and more complete: faster particles both hit the walls more frequently and transfer more momentum per collision (greater force), so pressure increases.

False:
- Statement 1 is false: heating makes particles gain kinetic energy, not lose it; temperature increases with kinetic energy.
- Statement 4 is false: faster particles do not lose energy more rapidly in an isolated container and do not collide less often; the opposite occurs and pressure increases.