Question

Some researchers believe there is no such thing as true altruistic behavior because they believe that helping behavior__________.
A.
is unrelated to biological concerns
B.
is motivated by self-interest
C.
influences cognitive functioning
D.
is too uncommon to be observed

Answer 1

B. is motivated by self-interest

(Researchers who deny "true" altruism generally argue that helping behavior ultimately serves the helper's own interests—e.g., reducing personal distress, gaining social approval, or expecting reciprocity.)