Question

Which best states how some groups were excluded from the Enlightenment ideal of equality?

White male landowners could not participate in the government.
Non-Westerners were seen as foreign and less important.
Some people were required to have a social contract with the government.
Kings and queens were seen as having a divine right to rule.

Answer 1

Non-Westerners were seen as foreign and less important.

Enlightenment ideas of equality were often limited in practice to Europeans (especially white men); many thinkers and societies treated non-Western peoples as inferior or outside the circle of equal rights.