Asked by armando

Victor Vroom claimed that one's level of motivation toward action is based on all of the following factors except __________.
A.
expectancy
B.
instrumentality
C.
internal needs
D.
valence

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
C. internal needs

Vroom's expectancy theory states motivation = expectancy × instrumentality × valence — expectancy (effort → performance), instrumentality (performance → outcome), and valence (value of the outcome). "Internal needs" is not one of his factors.