Question

How do volcanoes function as a disruptive force? Select three options.

force people to flee their homes
cause massive earthquakes
pollute the air with volcanic smoke
provide fertile soil for plant growth
cause flight cancellations or delays

Answer 1

Selected (three):
- force people to flee their homes — eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and lahars can make areas unsafe, forcing evacuations.
- pollute the air with volcanic smoke — ash and volcanic gases degrade air quality, harm health, and reduce visibility.
- cause flight cancellations or delays — airborne ash can damage aircraft engines and instruments, so airlines ground or reroute flights.

Notes:
- “Cause massive earthquakes” can occur locally from magma movement but large tectonic quakes are a different primary cause.
- “Provide fertile soil for plant growth” is a long-term beneficial effect, not a disruptive one.