Question

Which of the following are examples of increased centralization of power? Select all that apply.
(1 point)
Responses

the Commerce Clause
the Commerce Clause

the Comity Clause
the Comity Clause

the Due Process Clause
the Due Process Clause

the Incorporation Doctrine
the Incorporation Doctrine

the Nullification Doctrine
the Nullification Doctrine
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Answer 1

Selected: the Commerce Clause; the Due Process Clause; the Incorporation Doctrine.

Brief reasons:
- Commerce Clause: broad interpretations (e.g., Gibbons, Wickard) greatly expanded federal authority over economic activity, centralizing power in Congress.
- Due Process Clause (esp. the Fourteenth Amendment's): has been used by the federal courts to impose limits on state action and to protect individual rights against states.
- Incorporation Doctrine: via the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause, the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states, increasing federal judicial oversight and central authority.

Not selected:
- Comity Clause: promotes inter‑state respect/recognition, not centralization.
- Nullification Doctrine: a state theory that opposes federal power (decentralizing).