Question

The Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden, decided that the Commerce Clause in Article 1 of the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate interstate trade. How was that decision used to increase national power over the states? Select all that apply.
(1 point)
Responses

regulating a national minimum wage
regulating a national minimum wage

regulating out-of-state college tuition
regulating out-of-state college tuition

passing the No Child Left Behind law
passing the No Child Left Behind law

passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964
passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964

passing the Fourteenth Amendment
passing the Fourteenth Amendment
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Answer 1

Correct answers: regulating a national minimum wage; passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Explanation (brief):
- Gibbons v. Ogden established a broad reading of the Commerce Clause. Later cases used that broad commerce power to uphold federal regulation of labor (national minimum wage under the Fair Labor Standards Act) and to justify parts of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (e.g., Heart of Atlanta Motel upheld Title II under the Commerce Clause).
- NCLB mainly relied on the spending/conditional-grants power, not the Commerce Clause.
- Out-of-state college tuition is largely set by states and not regulated under the Commerce Clause.
- The Fourteenth Amendment is a separate constitutional provision limiting state action and was not a product of Gibbons.