Question

What do scientists need to look at before developing an argument?
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Their opinion and personal views.
The arguments of famous people on the topic.
The arguments that make the most sense for society.

Answer 1

The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.

Scientists should base arguments on reliable evidence, sound methods, reproducible results, and logical reasoning. Personal opinions, authority of famous people, or what seems best for society cannot substitute for valid data and critical evaluation (although societal implications may be considered separately when applying or communicating findings).