Question

Which is a scientific claim?

At least 75 percent of the class will pass the physical science test today because they studied more than two hours for it.
According to the star of the number-one teen TV show, crushed rosemary and olive oil spread over pimples will draw out the bacteria and prevent scarring.
Plants fertilized once per week with Super Plant Food Formula have been shown in testing to produce twice as much fruit as plants that are not.
Placing half-filled one-gallon jugs of water out on the lawn prevents moles from occupying the space underground.

Answer 1

All four are scientific claims — each makes an empirical, testable statement about the world.

- At least 75% of the class will pass…: a falsifiable prediction about an outcome that can be checked against test results and linked to study time.
- According to the star…, crushed rosemary and olive oil…: the celebrity attribution doesn’t change that the claim (that this treatment draws out bacteria and prevents scarring) is testable by microbiological and clinical observation.
- Plants fertilized once per week…: explicitly empirical (reports results of testing) and can be verified by controlled trials comparing treated vs. untreated plants.
- Placing half-filled jugs of water… prevents moles: a causal claim about animal behavior that can be tested by experiments or systematic observation.

If you want, I can suggest specific experimental designs or criteria to test any one of these.