Question

Use the source below to answer the following three questions.
"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural. … Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families— faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors."
–Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815–1848," published in 1997

Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the Market Revolution?
The emergence of new forms of transportation
The increased number of women in the paid workforce
The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs
The decline of slavery in the Northeast

Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?
A sharp decline in regional differences
The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives
A decline in the income gap between those in the wealthiest class and those in the working class
An increase in the importance placed on extended family relationships



Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?
Data showing changes in the number of textile mills
Data showing population growth in the West
Data showing the growth of the slave population
Data showing changes in cotton production and price

Which of the following explains how the growth of a market-based economy in the United States in the early 1800s most directly influenced changes in gender roles?
As both men and women took paid employment, social and political inequality between the sexes declined significantly.
As an economy based on commercial transactions encouraged society to become more secular, many young women gave up traditional families.
As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home.
As working for wages became more common, many people ceased to view the family as a refuge from the struggle for subsistence.

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was
its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity.
the separation of economic production from the home and family life.
the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools.
the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families.

Answer 1

1) The emergence of new forms of transportation — the transportation (and communication) improvements that enabled wider markets were central to the Market Revolution.

2) The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives — the separation of work from the home helped produce the “separate spheres”/domestic ideal.

3) Data showing changes in the number of textile mills — growth in factories (textile mills) best evidences the shift from household production to wage labor and factory manufacture.

4) As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home — the market economy promoted the separation of paid work (men) and domesticity (women).

5) the separation of economic production from the home and family life — this separation was a key feature of the new middle class in the 1830s–40s.