Question

Rome faced attacks on its frontier what's the outcome

Answer 1

Do you mean a particular period or set of attacks (e.g., the 3rd‑century crises, Gothic invasions of the 4th–5th centuries, or the later barbarian migrations)? If not, here’s a concise general answer.

Short summary of the typical outcomes when Rome’s frontiers were attacked:
- Military strain and reforms: repeated attacks forced Rome to reorganize its forces (more mobile field armies, frontier fortifications, and reliance on allied/mercenary troops).
- Greater reliance on foederati/barbarian recruits: Rome increasingly hired or settled non‑Roman peoples in return for military service, which changed army composition and loyalties.
- Economic and social pressure: continuous warfare raised taxes, disrupted trade and agriculture, and weakened urban life in some regions.
- Territorial losses and breakaway regimes: frontier defeats sometimes led to loss of provinces or the creation of independent successor kingdoms on formerly Roman territory.
- Political instability: military crises accelerated internal power struggles and weakened central authority.
- Long‑term consequence: the Western Roman Empire gradually fragmented and collapsed (conventionally dated to 476 CE), while the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire survived and reconquered or defended various borderlands at different times.

If you tell me which attacks or century you mean, I can give a more specific outcome (e.g., results of the Gothic wars, Hunnic invasions, or the Crisis of the Third Century).