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Marcela dissolves 80.0 g of ammonium nitrate in 50.0 mL of water at room temperature and notes that the temperature of the solution decreases by 5.0°C. Which correctly designates the signs of Delta.H, Delta.S, and Delta.G for this reaction?
Delta.H > 0, Delta.S > 0, and Delta.G < 0
Delta.H < 0, Delta.S > 0, and Delta.G < 0
Delta.H > 0, Delta.S > 0, and Delta.G > 0
Delta.H < 0, Delta.S < 0, and Delta.G > 0
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Correct choice: Delta.H > 0, Delta.S > 0, and Delta.G < 0.
Reason: The solution cools, so the dissolution is endothermic (ΔH > 0). Dissolving a crystalline salt into ions increases disorder (ΔS > 0). The process is spontaneous under these conditions (cold packs use NH4NO3 for this), so ΔG < 0 (the TΔS term outweighs ΔH, giving ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0).
Reason: The solution cools, so the dissolution is endothermic (ΔH > 0). Dissolving a crystalline salt into ions increases disorder (ΔS > 0). The process is spontaneous under these conditions (cold packs use NH4NO3 for this), so ΔG < 0 (the TΔS term outweighs ΔH, giving ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0).
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