Question

A statue of Augustus looking down with one hand holding a staff and the other raised. There is a small cherub at his feet.
Name the statue above. Explain three examples of symbolism used by the artist when designing this statue.

Answer 1

Name: Augustus of Prima Porta (early 1st century CE).

Three examples of symbolism:

1. Cupid at his feet (on a dolphin)
- Cupid identifies Augustus as descended from Venus (through Aeneas), giving him a divine ancestry. The dolphin also evokes naval victory at Actium (and Augustus’ control of the seas), so the small cherub links personal divinity and military triumph.

2. The raised right arm (adlocutio pose)
- The speaking/gesture of address is the traditional Roman commander’s pose for public speech and military command. It symbolizes Augustus’ authority, leadership, and role as commander-in-chief of Rome.

3. The decorated cuirass (breastplate relief)
- The complex carved scenes show conquered peoples, gods and allegorical figures (including the return of the Parthian standards). This turns a piece of armor into political propaganda: it proclaims Roman victory, diplomatic success, and the idea that Augustus brings order to the world.