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In order to help African Americans in the US gain economic independence, Marcus Garvey founded the
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute and the accommodation strategy.
“back to Africa” movement and Pan Africanism.
Niagara Movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Black Star Line and the Negro Factories Association.

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Black Star Line and the Negro Factories Association.

Garvey (through the Universal Negro Improvement Association) created the Black Star Line shipping company and the Negro Factories Corporation to promote black-owned businesses and economic self-sufficiency.