Question

1.How much new water is created everyday?
2. What makes water change from a liquid to a vapor? What is the name of the process?
3. What is condensation?
4. Describe how the molecules of boiling water are different from the molecules of water at room temperature.
5. Why do puddles evaporate?
6, How old is water?
7. What is the process where clouds come from?
8. What is collection? Where is water stored on the surface of the earth?
9. Why did Bill Nye add “smoke” to the jar when trying to make a cloud?
10. Why should we protect and keep water clean?

Answer 1

1. How much new water is created every day?
- Practically none. Earth’s total amount of water is essentially constant and is continuously recycled by the water cycle. Small amounts of water molecules are formed in chemical reactions (e.g., combustion, metabolism) and tiny amounts can arrive from space, but these amounts are negligible compared with the planet’s existing water.

2. What makes water change from a liquid to a vapor? What is the name of the process?
- When water molecules gain enough energy (usually from heat) to overcome the attractive forces between them, they escape into the air as water vapor. The general name for this change is vaporization; the two common types are evaporation (from a surface at temperatures below boiling) and boiling (rapid vaporization throughout the liquid at its boiling point).

3. What is condensation?
- Condensation is the opposite of vaporization: water vapor loses energy, the molecules slow down, and they come together to form liquid droplets. This is how dew, fog, and cloud droplets form.

4. Describe how the molecules of boiling water are different from the molecules of water at room temperature.
- In boiling water molecules have much higher kinetic energy, move faster, and break free from each other to become gas, so they are farther apart and more independent. At room temperature molecules move more slowly, stay closer together, and are held by hydrogen bonds in the liquid.

5. Why do puddles evaporate?
- Puddles evaporate because surface water molecules gain energy (from sunlight, warm air) and escape into the air as vapor. Evaporation is faster with higher temperature, wind, larger surface area, and lower humidity.

6. How old is water?
- The water on Earth has been around for billions of years. Much of it was present when Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (and some may have come later from comets/asteroids). The hydrogen atoms date to the Big Bang and the oxygen atoms were made in earlier generations of stars, so the atoms in water can be much older than the planet itself.

7. What is the process where clouds come from?
- Clouds form when water vapor in rising, cooling air condenses (or deposits) onto tiny particles called condensation nuclei (dust, salt, soot) to make many microscopic droplets or ice crystals. This process is called condensation (or nucleation leading to condensation/deposition).

8. What is collection? Where is water stored on the surface of the earth?
- Collection is the gathering of water after precipitation into places it’s stored. On Earth’s surface water is stored mainly in the oceans, but also in lakes, rivers, wetlands, ice caps and glaciers, soil moisture, and shallow and deep groundwater.

9. Why did Bill Nye add “smoke” to the jar when trying to make a cloud?
- Smoke supplies tiny particles (aerosols) that act as condensation nuclei. Water vapor needs these particles to condense on; without them droplets are less likely to form, so the “smoke” helps the cloud appear.

10. Why should we protect and keep water clean?
- Clean water is essential for drinking, food production, industry, and healthy ecosystems. Pollution harms human health, wildlife, and economies; protecting water supplies preserves biodiversity, prevents disease, and ensures safe water for current and future generations.