Asked by adrian
definition of Social science
Sociology
Social interaction
Social phenomena
Anthropology
Psychology
Social psychology
Economics
Political science
History
Sociological perspective
Sociological imagination
Social Darwinism
Function
Verstehen
Ideal type
Theory
Theoretical perspective
Functionalist perspective
Dysfunction
Manifest function
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- Social science: The broad field of academic disciplines that systematically study human society and social relationships using empirical methods and theoretical analysis.
- Sociology: The scientific study of society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior.
- Social interaction: The processes by which people act toward and respond to one another in social settings; the dynamic, reciprocal exchanges that create social life.
- Social phenomena: Observable events, behaviors, or processes that occur within societies (e.g., crime, marriage, migration, social movements).
- Anthropology: The comparative study of humans across time and space, including cultural practices, social organization, language, and biological/archaeological aspects of human life.
- Psychology: The scientific study of individual behavior and mental processes (thoughts, emotions, cognition, perception).
- Social psychology: A subfield bridging sociology and psychology that examines how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual or imagined presence of others and by social contexts.
- Economics: The study of how individuals, firms, and societies produce, distribute, and consume scarce resources and how they make choices under conditions of scarcity.
- Political science: The systematic study of power, governance, political institutions, public policy, political behavior, and relations among states.
- History: The study and interpretation of past events and processes, emphasizing change over time and the contexts that shaped those events.
- Sociological perspective: A way of seeing how individual lives are shaped by larger social forces and structures — focusing on patterns, social context, and the relationship between biography and history.
- Sociological imagination: C. Wright Mills’s concept of the ability to link personal troubles to broader public issues and historical circumstances, seeing the interplay between individual experiences and larger social forces.
- Social Darwinism: A doctrine that applied the idea of “survival of the fittest” from biological evolution to societies and used it to justify social inequality, competition, laissez‑faire policies, imperialism, or eugenics; now widely criticized and discredited as a social theory.
- Function: In sociology, a consequence of a social structure or practice that contributes to the maintenance, stability, or operation of a social system.
- Verstehen: A German term (associated with Max Weber) meaning “understanding” — the interpretive approach of grasping social action from the actor’s point of view to understand meanings and motives.
- Ideal type: An analytical construct (also from Weber) that accentuates certain features of a social phenomenon to serve as a measuring rod for comparison with empirical reality.
- Theory: A logically coherent set of propositions or ideas that explains a phenomenon, organizes facts, and generates hypotheses that can be tested.
- Theoretical perspective: A broad framework of assumptions, concepts, and propositions that orients sociological inquiry (e.g., functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism).
- Functionalist perspective: A theoretical view that sees society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability, cohesion, and social order; social institutions serve functions that contribute to the system’s continuity.
- Dysfunction: A consequence of a social pattern or institution that disrupts, weakens, or reduces the stability or functioning of a social system.
- Manifest function: The recognized and intended consequences of a social structure or activity (what it is explicitly designed to do).
- Sociology: The scientific study of society, social relationships, institutions, and patterns of social behavior.
- Social interaction: The processes by which people act toward and respond to one another in social settings; the dynamic, reciprocal exchanges that create social life.
- Social phenomena: Observable events, behaviors, or processes that occur within societies (e.g., crime, marriage, migration, social movements).
- Anthropology: The comparative study of humans across time and space, including cultural practices, social organization, language, and biological/archaeological aspects of human life.
- Psychology: The scientific study of individual behavior and mental processes (thoughts, emotions, cognition, perception).
- Social psychology: A subfield bridging sociology and psychology that examines how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual or imagined presence of others and by social contexts.
- Economics: The study of how individuals, firms, and societies produce, distribute, and consume scarce resources and how they make choices under conditions of scarcity.
- Political science: The systematic study of power, governance, political institutions, public policy, political behavior, and relations among states.
- History: The study and interpretation of past events and processes, emphasizing change over time and the contexts that shaped those events.
- Sociological perspective: A way of seeing how individual lives are shaped by larger social forces and structures — focusing on patterns, social context, and the relationship between biography and history.
- Sociological imagination: C. Wright Mills’s concept of the ability to link personal troubles to broader public issues and historical circumstances, seeing the interplay between individual experiences and larger social forces.
- Social Darwinism: A doctrine that applied the idea of “survival of the fittest” from biological evolution to societies and used it to justify social inequality, competition, laissez‑faire policies, imperialism, or eugenics; now widely criticized and discredited as a social theory.
- Function: In sociology, a consequence of a social structure or practice that contributes to the maintenance, stability, or operation of a social system.
- Verstehen: A German term (associated with Max Weber) meaning “understanding” — the interpretive approach of grasping social action from the actor’s point of view to understand meanings and motives.
- Ideal type: An analytical construct (also from Weber) that accentuates certain features of a social phenomenon to serve as a measuring rod for comparison with empirical reality.
- Theory: A logically coherent set of propositions or ideas that explains a phenomenon, organizes facts, and generates hypotheses that can be tested.
- Theoretical perspective: A broad framework of assumptions, concepts, and propositions that orients sociological inquiry (e.g., functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism).
- Functionalist perspective: A theoretical view that sees society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability, cohesion, and social order; social institutions serve functions that contribute to the system’s continuity.
- Dysfunction: A consequence of a social pattern or institution that disrupts, weakens, or reduces the stability or functioning of a social system.
- Manifest function: The recognized and intended consequences of a social structure or activity (what it is explicitly designed to do).
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