Question

1. Which of the following best describes lenacapavir for the management of PrEP?
A. Currently available only as a subcutaneous injection
B. Excellent outcome data when combined with emtricitabine
C. Minimal drug interactions involving the cytochrome P450 system
D. May be administered every 6 months to prevent infection

2. Compared with nitrofurantoin for the management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, gepotidacin
A. Produces an increased risk of diarrhea
B. Produces an increased risk of treatment failure
C. Is available to use as a single oral dose
D. Can be started with an intravenous first dose

3. Patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia perceive which of the following when treated with oral antibiotics rather than intravenous agents?
A. Increased effectiveness
B. Decreased convenience
C. Increased autonomy
D. Decreased independence

4. Compared to standard therapy in the DOTS trial, patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia who received dalbavancin had
A. Increased risk of acute kidney injury
B. Noninferior treatment outcomes
C. Superior treatment outcomes
D. Frequent isolation of dalbavancin-resistant S. aureus strains

5. In the PURPOSE 2 trial of antiretroviral agents for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which of the following outcomes was more common in those receiving lenacapavir compared with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate?
A. Decreased adherence to therapy
B. Increased acquisition of HIV
C. Decreased acquisition of hepatitis C virus
D. Increased risk of injection site reactions

6. In a trial of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which of the following treatment regimens was used for male partners of BV-infected females?
A. Oral metronidazole monotherapy
B. Oral metronidazole plus topical clindamycin
C. Oral clindamycin plus topical clindamycin
D. Oral clindamycin monotherapy

7. Which of these statements best describes the study findings of gepotidacin for managing gonorrhea?
A. Clinical cure was noninferior to ceftriaxone and azithromycin for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea
B. Gepotidacin participants with complicated urogenital gonorrhea had superior cure rates
C. Gepotidacin participants with ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains had excellent clinical cure
D. QTc prolongation was more common than in study participants receiving ceftriaxone and azithromycin

8. Which of the following best describes the findings of the BALANCE trial?
A. Participants receiving 7 days of antibiotic therapy compared to 14 days had noninferior cure rates.
B. Participants with Candida albicans fungemia had greater mortality if receiving shorter course regimens.
C. Superiority for the 7-day course was demonstrated within the Staphylococcus aureus cohort.
D. Participants receiving 14 days of antibiotic therapy had higher rates of Clostridioides difficile infection.

9. Which of the following best describes an advantage of dalbavancin over standard therapy when managing Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia?
A. Rapid availability of susceptibility testing
B. No requirement for a central venous catheter
C. Therapeutic drug monitoring
D. Decreased medication costs

10. Which of the following best describes gepotidacin's novel mechanism of action?
A. Inhibits cell wall synthesis via binding to penicillin-binding protein-5
B. Decreases protein synthesis via the 30S ribosomal subunit
C. Inhibits replication through binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
D. Promotes active secretion of bacteria through efflux pumps

Answer 1

1. D
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. C

Brief rationale (one line each):
1. Lenacapavir is a long‑acting capsid inhibitor given subcutaneously and studied for PrEP with dosing every 6 months.
2. Gepotidacin was evaluated as a single‑dose oral regimen for uncomplicated UTI.
3. Oral therapy for S. aureus bacteremia is perceived as increasing patient autonomy versus prolonged IV care.
4. The DOTS trial showed dalbavancin produced noninferior outcomes compared with standard therapy.
5. PURPOSE 2 reported more injection‑site reactions with long‑acting lenacapavir vs daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir.
6. In the partner‑treatment BV trial, male partners received oral metronidazole plus topical clindamycin.
7. Gepotidacin showed noninferior clinical cure for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea in the study.
8. BALANCE found 7 days of therapy noninferior to 14 days for bloodstream infections.
9. Dalbavancin’s long dosing intervals allow outpatient therapy without a central venous catheter.
10. Gepotidacin inhibits bacterial DNA replication by binding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.