Question

Which of the following is a requirement for a full-year U.S. resident with an adjusted gross income under $150,000 to pay estimated tax payments? (The taxpayer is not filing married filing separately.)
Taxpayers are required to pay 110% of their 2024 tax.
A taxpayer must make 2025 estimated tax payments if they owe $500 or more, and it appears that the total amount withheld from their 2025 income plus expected credits will be less than the smaller of the following: 100% of the tax to be shown on their 2025 return or 90% of the tax shown on their 2024 return.
If at least two-thirds of the taxpayer's 2024 or 2025 gross income comes from wages, they are required to prepay for 2025, only two-thirds of their 2024 tax, rather than 100%.
A taxpayer must make 2025 estimated tax payments if they owe $1,000 or more, and it appears that the total amount withheld from their 2025 income plus expected credits will be less than the smaller of the following: 90% of the tax to be shown on their 2025 return or 100% of the tax shown on their 2024 return.
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Answer 1

Correct answer: 4.

Explanation: For taxpayers (not MFS) with AGI under $150,000, the usual safe-harbor/estimated-tax rule is: you must make estimated payments if you expect to owe $1,000 or more and your withholding and refundable credits will be less than the smaller of (a) 90% of the tax shown on the current year’s return or (b) 100% of the tax shown on the prior year’s return. (The 110% prior‑year safe harbor applies only if your AGI exceeds $150,000; farmers/fishermen have separate rules.)