Question

For much of the Middle Ages, both popes and kings claimed the authority to appoint high church officials. In 1076, Pope Gregory VII ordered kings and princes not to appoint any church officials. Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV defied this order, and Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him and also removed him from his throne.


How was the incident described above resolved?
A.
Henry IV convinced Pope Gregory VII to resign his office.
B.
Henry IV and Gregory VII were able to reach a compromise on the issue.
C.
Henry IV appeared before Pope Gregory VII to ask for his forgiveness.
D.
Gregory VII was forced to allow Henry IV's appointments to the church.

Answer 1

C. Henry IV appeared before Pope Gregory VII at Canossa in 1077 to beg forgiveness; Gregory lifted the excommunication (though the wider conflict continued).