Question

Read about two different proteins produced by specialized human cells.
Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue under a microscope
In humans, skeletal muscle cells produce myoglobin, a protein that helps store and transport oxygen needed for muscle contraction during physical activity. The production of myoglobin is controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 22.
Pancreatic tissue
Pancreatic tissue under a microscope
Beta cells in the pancreas contain the same chromosomes as skeletal muscle cells, but they do not normally make myoglobin. However, they are the only cells in the body that make the protein insulin, a hormone that controls glucose levels in the blood. The production of insulin is controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 11.
Complete the paragraph.
In humans, skeletal muscle cells and pancreatic beta cells contain
DNA. The gene for insulin production is
in skeletal muscle cells and
in pancreatic beta cells.
DNA contains the instructions for making insulin.
DNA does not hold instructions to make proteins, but it does help regulate whether the insulin gene is activated or inactivated in each type of cell.

Answer 1

In humans, skeletal muscle cells and pancreatic beta cells contain the same DNA. The gene for insulin production is present but inactive in skeletal muscle cells and active in pancreatic beta cells. DNA on chromosome 11 contains the instructions for making insulin. Noncoding DNA does not hold instructions to make proteins, but it does help regulate whether the insulin gene is activated or inactivated in each type of cell.