Question

Organizers at the state and local level identify that air pollution is responsible for higher incidences of lung cancer. The air pollution is traced to factories that employ a substantial number of state residents. Organizers, unable to coordinate a reduction in the industry’s pollution generation, ask state legislators for help. In the end, state legislators provide tax incentives for the company to retrofit their factories with green technology and reduce pollution emissions. Explain how civil society and institutions in this case are contributing to the public good.(1 point)
Responses

Civil society institutions interact with governmental and business spheres through network governance.
Civil society institutions interact with governmental and business spheres through network governance.

Civil society institutions interact with the governmental sphere through legal governance.
Civil society institutions interact with the governmental sphere through legal governance.

Civil society institutions interact with the business sphere through private governance.
Civil society institutions interact with the business sphere through private governance.

Governmental and business spheres interact through market governance.
Governmental and business spheres interact through market governance.
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Answer 1

Civil society (organizers) identified the harm, mobilized residents and pressured lawmakers, and those institutions (state legislators) used market-based policy (tax incentives) to change firm behavior. This is network governance: civil society, government, and business cooperated to internalize the pollution externality so firms retrofit their plants, reducing emissions and producing the public good of cleaner air and lower lung‑cancer risk.