Question

Interphase and MitosisMost cells grow, perform activities, and divide to make new cells. Eukaryotic cells divide to create new cells through the processes of mitosis or meiosis. The series of steps that a cell undergoes in its growth and development is called the cell cycle. The two main phases in the cell cycle are interphase and mitosis. Mitosis is the process where a parent cell with copied DNA separates and results in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell. The cell spends most of its time in interphase as it passes through the cycle. Checkpoints and regulator molecules control the cell cycle.Regulator molecules either promote a cell through the cycle or halt the cycle. Positive regulation molecules are proteins that move a cell through the cycle when it meets the correct requirements. If the cell does not meet the requirements, negative regulation molecules will either try to repair the damage or signal for apoptosis.In order for a cell to move through the cycle, it must go through several checkpoints. The G1 checkpoint makes sure that the cell has favorable conditions for division. The cell must have enough growth and energy reserves to proceed onto the next phase of the cycle. At this stage, DNA is also inspected for damage. DNA that is not suitable, or cannot be repaired, will not move through to the S phase to be replicated and will exit the cell cycle by entering the inactive G0 phase. The cell encounters the next review at the end of the G2 phase. The G2 phase includes protein synthesis and another round of growth. The G2 checkpoint assesses the size and protein reserves of the cell as well as the accuracy of the chromosome replication. If DNA is damaged, the cell tries to repair the damage before the beginning of mitotic division. The M checkpoint determines if all of the sister chromatids are properly attached to spindle microtubules and ready for separation. The model shows the checkpoints of the cell cycle. Using the model in the passage, identify the phase that each described cell is in.

G1
G0
S
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
The separated chromatids are pulled toward each pole of the cell.
The cell first experiences growth.
The cell synthesizes DNA in its nucleus.
The cytoplasm of the cell divides to form two daughter cells.
The cell is not dividing nor preparing to divide.
The cell creates proteins and organizes for division.

Answer 1

The separated chromatids are pulled toward each pole of the cell. → Mitosis (anaphase)

The cell first experiences growth. → G1

The cell synthesizes DNA in its nucleus. → S

The cytoplasm of the cell divides to form two daughter cells. → Cytokinesis

The cell is not dividing nor preparing to divide. → G0

The cell creates proteins and organizes for division. → G2