Asked by mike
9. Name the countries of the Central Powers during WW1
10. Name the countries of the Allied Powers (Big four) during WW1
11. What is the Total War? How is it different from limited war?
12. Which group did the Ottomans target in a genocide during WW1 ad why?
13. What made WW1 the deadliest war ever seen up to that date in time.
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9. Central Powers (main members): Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
10. "Big Four" of the Allied Powers at the 1919 Paris peace talks: the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy. (The Allies in the war also included Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Japan and many others.)
11. Total war: a conflict in which a nation mobilizes all of its resources—military, economic, industrial, and civilian—to achieve victory. Society is reorganized for the war effort (conscription, centralized economies, mass production, propaganda, civilian labor and sacrifice). It differs from a limited war, which has restricted objectives, limited mobilization and resources, narrower geographic scope, and usually avoids full societal mobilization or attacks on the civilian infrastructure.
12. The Ottoman government carried out mass deportations and killings of its Armenian population in 1915–1917 (commonly called the Armenian Genocide). Other Christian minorities (Assyrians, Greeks) were also targeted. The Ottoman leadership cited wartime security concerns and accused Armenians of collaborating with Russia; motives also included rising Turkish nationalism, desire to suppress separatism and to redistribute land/resources. Large numbers of historians and many countries recognize these events as genocide.
13. Reasons WW1 was the deadliest war to that date:
- Industrialized, mass-scale weaponry (artillery, machine guns, rapid-fire small arms, chemical weapons, aircraft) that produced enormous battlefield lethality.
- Trench warfare and frontal assaults that produced massive casualties for small territorial gains.
- Massive mobilization of millions of soldiers from many nations.
- Improved logistics and industry enabling prolonged, large-scale offensives.
- Naval blockades and attacks that increased civilian deaths from starvation and disease.
- Poor medical knowledge/treatment for wounds and infections in the early years.
Estimated human cost: roughly 15–20 million dead (about 9–10 million military, several million civilians) and many millions more wounded and displaced.
10. "Big Four" of the Allied Powers at the 1919 Paris peace talks: the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy. (The Allies in the war also included Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Japan and many others.)
11. Total war: a conflict in which a nation mobilizes all of its resources—military, economic, industrial, and civilian—to achieve victory. Society is reorganized for the war effort (conscription, centralized economies, mass production, propaganda, civilian labor and sacrifice). It differs from a limited war, which has restricted objectives, limited mobilization and resources, narrower geographic scope, and usually avoids full societal mobilization or attacks on the civilian infrastructure.
12. The Ottoman government carried out mass deportations and killings of its Armenian population in 1915–1917 (commonly called the Armenian Genocide). Other Christian minorities (Assyrians, Greeks) were also targeted. The Ottoman leadership cited wartime security concerns and accused Armenians of collaborating with Russia; motives also included rising Turkish nationalism, desire to suppress separatism and to redistribute land/resources. Large numbers of historians and many countries recognize these events as genocide.
13. Reasons WW1 was the deadliest war to that date:
- Industrialized, mass-scale weaponry (artillery, machine guns, rapid-fire small arms, chemical weapons, aircraft) that produced enormous battlefield lethality.
- Trench warfare and frontal assaults that produced massive casualties for small territorial gains.
- Massive mobilization of millions of soldiers from many nations.
- Improved logistics and industry enabling prolonged, large-scale offensives.
- Naval blockades and attacks that increased civilian deaths from starvation and disease.
- Poor medical knowledge/treatment for wounds and infections in the early years.
Estimated human cost: roughly 15–20 million dead (about 9–10 million military, several million civilians) and many millions more wounded and displaced.
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