Asked by caleb
Why would criollos living in Latin America find Enlightenment ideals appealing and inspiring?
They were inspired by the national unity brought about by the American and French Revolutions.
The criollos were denied political power in their homeland because they had not been born in Spain.
They found out that Napoleon planned to make the criollos more like slaves in their home territories.
Most of them learned about Enlightenment ideals when they attened universities in France and saw the revolution happen.
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Evaluate each statement:
1) They were inspired by the national unity brought about by the American and French Revolutions. — Correct.
The success and ideas of the American and French Revolutions (self-government, popular sovereignty, rights) were widely discussed in Latin America and inspired criollo elites who wanted greater political autonomy.
2) The criollos were denied political power in their homeland because they had not been born in Spain. — Correct.
Peninsulares (officials born in Spain) dominated the highest civil and ecclesiastical offices after the Bourbon Reforms, leaving criollos (Spanish-descended people born in the Americas) frustrated and excluded from top positions.
3) They found out that Napoleon planned to make the criollos more like slaves in their home territories. — Incorrect.
Napoleon’s 1808 invasion of Spain and the installation of Joseph Bonaparte caused a legitimacy crisis that spurred independence movements, but there’s no basis for a plan to reduce criollos to slavery. (Napoleon did reinstate slavery in some French colonies earlier, but that is a separate issue and not a targeted policy against criollos.)
4) Most of them learned about Enlightenment ideals when they attended universities in France and saw the revolution happen. — Partly true but overstated.
Some criollo elites studied in Europe (including France) and encountered Enlightenment thought firsthand, but many learned these ideas at home from books, local intellectuals, clergy, and newspapers, as well as from the example of the Atlantic revolutions. It wasn’t only—or even mostly—through attendance at French universities.
Bottom line: statements 1 and 2 are accurate; 3 is wrong; 4 contains a kernel of truth but is exaggerated.
1) They were inspired by the national unity brought about by the American and French Revolutions. — Correct.
The success and ideas of the American and French Revolutions (self-government, popular sovereignty, rights) were widely discussed in Latin America and inspired criollo elites who wanted greater political autonomy.
2) The criollos were denied political power in their homeland because they had not been born in Spain. — Correct.
Peninsulares (officials born in Spain) dominated the highest civil and ecclesiastical offices after the Bourbon Reforms, leaving criollos (Spanish-descended people born in the Americas) frustrated and excluded from top positions.
3) They found out that Napoleon planned to make the criollos more like slaves in their home territories. — Incorrect.
Napoleon’s 1808 invasion of Spain and the installation of Joseph Bonaparte caused a legitimacy crisis that spurred independence movements, but there’s no basis for a plan to reduce criollos to slavery. (Napoleon did reinstate slavery in some French colonies earlier, but that is a separate issue and not a targeted policy against criollos.)
4) Most of them learned about Enlightenment ideals when they attended universities in France and saw the revolution happen. — Partly true but overstated.
Some criollo elites studied in Europe (including France) and encountered Enlightenment thought firsthand, but many learned these ideas at home from books, local intellectuals, clergy, and newspapers, as well as from the example of the Atlantic revolutions. It wasn’t only—or even mostly—through attendance at French universities.
Bottom line: statements 1 and 2 are accurate; 3 is wrong; 4 contains a kernel of truth but is exaggerated.
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