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surface area of a cylinder formula

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Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Let r be the radius and h the height.

- Lateral (curved) surface area: A_lateral = 2πrh
- Area of both circular bases: A_bases = 2πr^2
- Total surface area (closed cylinder): A_total = 2πr^2 + 2πrh = 2πr(r + h)

If the cylinder is open at one end, A = πr^2 + 2πrh. If both ends are open, A = 2πrh.

Units: square units (e.g., cm²).